Poetry and The Intrinsic Aspects

INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH LITERATURE

“Poetry”

 

By    :

·       NAME      :BINNA FAHRIANI MANDA

·       NIM         :20400113053

·       PBI           :3

English Education Department

Tarbiyah and Teaching Faculty

State Islamic University Of Alauddin Makassar

Periode 2014/2015

INTERFACE

Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of languagesuch as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metreto evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

Poetry has a long history, dating back to the SumerianEpic of Gilgamesh. Early poems evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the SanskritVedas, ZoroastrianGathas, and the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively informative, prosaic forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language.

Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve musical or incantatory effects. The use of ambiguity, symbolism, irony and other stylistic elements of poetic diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor, simile and metonymy create a resonance between otherwise disparate images a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual verses, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm.

Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and genres and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz and Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that use other means to create rhythm and euphony. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, playing with and testing, among other things, the principle of euphony itself, sometimes altogether forgoing rhyme or set rhythm. In today's increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.

DISCUSSION

A.    English Poetry

 

THE CITY IN THE SEA

                       

By : Edgar Allan Poe

Lo! Death has reared himself a throne

In a strange city lying alone
Far down within the dim West,
Where the good and the bad and the worst and the best
Have gone to their eternal rest.
There shrines and palaces and towers
(Time-eaten towers that tremble not!)
Resemble nothing that is ours.
Around, by lifting winds forgot,
Resignedly beneath the sky
The melancholy waters lie.

No rays from the holy heaven come down
On the long night-time of that town;
But light from out the lurid sea
Streams up the turrets silently —
Gleams up the pinnacles far and free —
Up domes — up spires — up kingly halls —
Up fanes — up Babylon-like walls —
Up shadowy long-forgotten bowers
Of sculptured ivy and stone flowers —
Up many and many a marvelous shrine
Whose wreathéd friezes intertwine
The viol, the violet, and the vine.
So blend the turrets and shadows there
That all seem pendulous in the air,
While from a proud tower in the town
Death looks gigantically down.

There open fanes and gaping graves
Yawn level with the luminous waves;
But not the riches there that lie
In each idol's diamond eye —
Not the gaily-jeweled dead
Tempt the waters from their bed;
For no ripples curl, alas!
Along that wilderness of glass —
No swellings tell that winds may be

Upon some far-off happier sea —
No heavings hint that winds have been
On seas less hideously serene.

But lo, a stir is in the air!
The wave — there is a movement there!
As if the towers had thrust aside,
In slightly sinking, the dull tide —
As if their tops had feebly given
A void within the filmy Heaven.
The waves have now a redder glow —
The hours are breathing faint and low —
And when, amid no earthly moans,
Down, down that town shall settle hence,
Hell, rising from a thousand thrones,
Shall do it reverence.

Bottom of Form

B.     Unfamiliar words

-          Reared                   : dibesarkan                                                    

-          Throne                   : singgasana                                        

-          Shrine                    : tempat yang suci, kuil                                              

-          Resignedly                        : sabar                                                 

-          Beneath                 : di bawah                                          

-          Melancholy           : kemurungan

-          Ray                        : sinar

-          Lurid                     :seram

-          Stream                   : sungai aliran

-          Turret                    : menara kecil

-          Gleam                    : pancaran cahaya

-          Pinnacle                 :puncak gedung

-          Spire                      : puncak menara

-          Fane                      : kuil

-          Bower                   : rumah di tengah taman

-          Sculptured             : seni pahat

-          Ivy                         : tumbuhan menjalar

-          Frieze                    : dekorasi atau hiasan

-          Viol                       :biola

-          Pendulous             : tergantung

-          Gigantically           : maha besar

-          Gaping                  : yang terbuka

-          Grave                    : kuburan

-          Luminous              : bercahaya

-          Gaily                     : dengan riang,dengan gembira

-          Ripple                    : reaksi, suara

-          Curl                       : keriting

-          Swelling                : gelombang besar, hebat, membengkakkan

-          Hideously              : dengan seram

-          Thrust                    : daya tolak, tikaman

-          Sinking                  : tenggelamnya

-          Feebly                   :dengan lemah

-          Redder                  :lebih merah, kemerahan

-          Moan                     : rintihan

-          Settle                     : menenangkan

C.     Translation Of The Poetry

KOTA DI LAUT

                                                                                                By : Edgar Allen Poe

Lo! Kematian telah dipelihara dalam sebuah singgasana
Terbaring sendirian di sebuah kota yang aneh
Jauh di bawah Barat yangredup,
Mana yang baik dan yang buruk dan yang terburuk dan yang terbaik
Telah pergi untuk peristirahatan kekal mereka.
Ada kuil dan istana dan menara
(waktu - dimakan menara yang gemetar tidak!)
Tidak menyerupai apapun seperti kita.
Sekitar, dengan daya angkat angin,
Pasrah di bawah langit
Air kemurungan berbaring

Tidak ada sinar dari langit suci yang tampak
Pada waktu malamyang panjang di kota itu;
Tapi cahaya datang dari  laut yang seram
Mengalir ke atas menarasecara diam-diam -
Mengkilat sampai puncak yang jauh dan bebas -
Di atas kubah –Di atas puncak menara –Di atas bagaikan raja ruangan - ruangan -
Di atas Fanes –Di atas Babel – seperti dinding -
Seperti bayangan yang panjang – rumah yang terlupakan
Dari pahatan tumbuhan dan bunga batu -
Ada banyak dan banyak kuil yang luar biasa
Yang membeku dilingkari jalin
Biola alto, ungu, dan anggur.
Perpaduan antara menara dan bayangan disana
Itu semua tampak menggantung di udara,
Sementara dari sebuah menara kebanggaan di kota
Kematian terlihat maha besar di bawah.

Ada kuil yang terbuka dan kuburan yang terbuka
Permukaan yang terbuka dengan gelombang bercahaya;
Tapi tidak ada kekayaan disana
Pada setiap idola yang bermata berlian -
Tidak ada kegembiraan –permata yang mati
Menggoda air dari tempat tidur mereka;
Karena tidak ada suara, sayangnya!
Seiring hutan belantara -
Tidak ada gelombang yang mengatakan bahwa mungkin angin
Beberapa jauh – laut kebahagiaan mati
Tidak ada gelombang yang diisyaratkan oleh angin
Pada laut tenang yang seram.

Tapi Lo, sebuah keributan di udara!
Gelombang - ada gerakan di sana!
Seolah-olah menara melakukan penolakan,
Sedikit terasa hampa, pasang yang bodoh -
Seolah-olah puncak kelemahan mereka telah diberikan
Sebuah kekosongan dalam film Surga.
Sekarang gelombang memiliki cahaya merah -
Jam bernapas samar dan rendah -
Dan ketika, di tengah ada rintihan duniawi,
Kota yang akan menetap,
Neraka, naik dari seribu singgasana,
Akan melakukannya dengan hormat.

D.    Biography of the author

Edgar Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. That makes him Capricorn, on the cusp of Aquarius. His parents were David and Elizabeth Poe. David was born in Baltimore on July 18, 1784. Elizabeth Arnold came to the U.S. from England in 1796 and married David Poe after her first husband died in 1805. They had three children, Henry, Edgar, and Rosalie.

Elizabeth Poe died in 1811, when Edgar was 2 years old. She had separated from her husband and had taken her three kids with her. Henry went to live with his grandparents while Edgar was adopted by Mr. and Mrs. John Allan and Rosalie was taken in by another family. John Allan was a successful merchant, so Edgar grew up in good surroundings and went to good schools.

When Poe was 6, he went to school in England for 5 years. He learned Latin and French, as well as math and history. He later returned to school in America and continued his studies. Edgar Allan went to the University of Virginia in 1826. He was 17. Even though John Allan had plenty of money, he only gave Edgar about a third of what he needed. Although Edgar had done well in Latin and French, he started to drink heavily and quickly became in debt. He had to quit school less than a year later.

E.     Intrinsic aspects of the poetry

a.    Title

            The tittle of the poetry is “The City In The Sea”.

b.   Theme

The theme of the poetry is about death.

c.       Feeling

            The poet feeling are sad, angry, and feel pity.

d.      Tone

      The tone of the poetry inviteor persuade the listeners to cooperate in understanding the meaning of the poem in a tone that full of emotion.

e.       Diksi

            The author use some good words, they are :

·   Strange city

               It describe about grave.

·   Eternal rest

               Itdescribe about death and also grave as the place to takea

   rest after we die.

·  Melancholy waters

               It  describe the water that we use to spray the grave.

·  Lurid sea

               It describe about sadness because death.

·  Sculptured ivy and stone flowers

               It describe about ivy that we put in the grave and stone flowers as the

   flower that show sadness because death.

·  But not the riches there that lie

               It remind us that when we die, we don’t bring our rich.

f. Imagery

Ø Visual imagery

       We can find some examples of visual imagery in this sentences :

-       There shrines and palaces and towers

-       No rays from the holy heaven come down

-       That all seem pendulous in the air

Ø Audio imagery

       We can find some examples of audio imagery in this sentences :

-       No swellings tell that winds may be

-       But lo, a stir is in the air!

g.  Concrete words

·         Water mean cooler and fillip

·         Diamond mean price, value, and beautiful

h.Language style

            The author use figurative language and make the poetry become prismatic.

i.  Rhyme

            The rhyme of the poetry are :

§  First distich

    When we see the end of every sentences in the first distich, we can know the rhyme are : A, A, B, B, B, C, D, C, D, E, E.

§  Second distich

    When we see the end of every sentences in the first distich, we can know the rhyme are : A, A, B, C, B, D, D, E, E, F, F, F, G, G, A, A.

§  Third distich

    When we see the end of every sentences in the first distich, we can know the rhyme are : A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D, E, B, E, E.

§  Fourth distich

    When we see the end of every sentences in the first distich, we can know the rhyme are : A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D, E, E, E, E.

j.     Instruction

            We have known that we gonna die. Therefore prepare our selves and gather the merit. Life is only one time, don’t waste your time, and make your life useful.

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

      Finally, we can conclude that Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language such as phonethetics, sound symbolism, and metre to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

   From the poetry “The City In The Sea” we can get many new information, new words or vocabulary, and some lesson for our life.

B.   Advice

   We must appreciate all of literature work, because literature is beautiful and nice. Let’s cultivate the literature, especially for teenager as “the agent of change”.